1912, Alfred Wegener proposed the idea of continental drift. This idea stated that Earth’s continents were once joined as a single landmass, as shown in the illustration. Wegener believed that over time, this landmass broke into pieces that drifted apart to form the continents as they are known today. Although Wegener had evidence to support his idea, most scientists rejected the idea of continental drift because they could not explain how it occurred. Today, however, the theory of continental drift is widely accepted by scientists. Which of the following explains how the theory of continental drift came to be widely accepted? A. More information was discovered about the rock cycle.
B. The law of superposition was developed.
C. The theory of plate tectonics was developed.
D. The law of uniformitarianism was applied more widely.

this process is called "phosphorylation." a phosphate bond joins adenosine diphosphate to form adenosine triphosphate.

creative diagnostics provides a protocol for total protein extraction based on ripa which is widely used.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.