Transposable elements can induce mutations by all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT: disrupting a gene when inserted into it. facilitating recombination between transposons, producing chromosomal mutations. producing double-stranded breaks during excision, leading to chromosomal mutations. Activating genes with their own promoter, dysregulating them.

Activating genes with their own promoter, dysregulating them.

Explanation:

Transposable Elements (TEs), also known as transposons, mobile elements or jumping genes, are genetic sequences able to move within a host genome by a mechanism called 'transposition'. As a result of their transposition, TEs may cause diverse genetic alterations and disrupt host gene expression at the integration site. Some of the most common deleterious effects induced by TE transposition include, among others, insertional mutagenesis, duplicated sequences, chromosome translocations, etc. Moreover, although it has been shown that some types of TEs contain transcription factor binding sites (as well as cis-regulatory motifs), they don't have promoter sequences that activate host gene expression upon TE transposition.

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1: most common garden plants prefer loam — soils with a balance of different-sized mineral particles (approximately 40% sand, 40% silt, and 20% clay) with ample organic matter and pore space. however, some plants grow better in sandy soils, while others are well-adapted to clay soils.

2: available water capacity is the maximum amount of plant available water a soil can provide. it is an indicator of a soil's ability to retain water and make it sufficiently available for plant use. available water capacity is the water held in soil between its field capacity and permanent wilting point.

3: it is the same for all living things (plants and animals). it also includes very tiny organisms that our eyes cannot see. they are known as microorganisms, and include viruses, bacteria and fungi.