What is the student doing

Which beat describes the brain stem

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

Can someone pretty me with this ? it’s urgent. compare the three theories of emotion. here are the three theories of emotion. cannon-bard theory of emotion: the belief that both psychological arousal and emotional experience are produced stimultaneously ( at the same time) by the same nerve stimulus. james-lange theory of emotion: the belief that emotional experience is a reaction to bodily events occurring as a result of an external situation. ( “ i feel sad because i am crying.) schachter-singer theory of emotion: the belief that emotions are jointly determined by a nonspecific kind of psychological (bodily function) arousal and its interpretation, based on environmental ( natural surroundings) cues. which of these theories makes most sense to you? why. your response should be written using proper english spelling and grammar. and it needs to be 10 complete sentences.