How do mutation, genetic recombination during sexual reproduction, and lateral gene transfer produce genetic variation?

A mutation occurs when there are changes in the gene structure of organisms. It may either increase or decrease the fitness of organisms. However, for mutations to be evident in an organism, it must be inherited by the offspring.

On the other hand, genetic recombination occurs during the sexual reproduction of two parents. During this process, different gene combinations or genotypes are produced. This event is similar to shuffling a deck of cards.

Lateral gene transfer occurs when the genetic material is transferred between organisms. This is not the same as transferring the genes from parent to offspring. This process usually occurs in single-celled organisms such as bacteria and plasmids.

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