Sickle-cell anemia is caused when a mutation results in the replacement of glutamate with valine. which type of mutation is observed here?
a. chromosomal mutation
b. frameshift mutation
c. substitution mutation

Why do leaves change color in the fall? green pigments break down and no longer mask the color of chlorophyll. chlorophyll breaks down and no longer masks the colors of other pigments. red- and yellow-colored pigments grow and mask green-colored chlorophyll. green-colored chlorophyll breaks down and turns red and yellow.

What are the student's observations and inferences before he starts his investigation?

If people from georgia have just experienced an extremely cold winter the last couple of months, what would the climate most likely be classified as? polar temperate maritime tropical