Plants that can grow with the help of spores

Types of plants that can grow with the help of spores are: liverworts, hornworts, mosses, and ferns. Other plants like fungi for example, the spores function like seeds to populate the plant.

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.