In a given hybridization between two flowers, red "r" is dominant, and white "r" is recessive. in a cross between two white-flowered plants, all of the offspring had white flowers. if a plant grower wanted to produce red flowers, what should s/he consider during breeding?
a) the breeder must introduce a plant that is homozygous dominant for white flowers.
b) the breeder must introduce at least one parent that is heterozygous for red flowers.
c) the breeder cannot manipulate the flower color. it would be best to begin with a different set of parent plants.
d) flower color variation would depend on mutations in this case; there is no other way to change flower color of this population of plants.

The correct answer is B. The breeder must introduce at least one parent that is heterozygous for red flowers.

On crossing two white-flowered plants, all of the offspring with white flowers are produced in F1 generation. This indicates that both the parent are homozygous recessive (rr) for white colour. Then, to produce offspring with red flowers, the breeder should consider at least one heterozygous for red flowers (Rr) parent for breeding. Thus, on crossing one heterozygous red-flowered (Rr) with one white-flowered plant (rr), the red and white offspring will be produced in the ratio 1:1.

transcription is a process in which information is rewritten. it is something our cells must do, in a more specialized and narrowly defined way. in biology, transcription is the process of copying out the dna sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of rna. it needs to happen in the nucleus because that's where the dna is. dna is always inside the nucleus unless the cell is dividing.

transcription is the first step in gene expression, which involves copying a gene's dna sequence to make an rna molecule. transcription is performed by rna polymerases. it has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. rna molecules must be processed after transcription in eukaryotes.

explanation:

long version:

the protein synthesis consists two processes which are, transcription and translation. transcription takes place in the nucleus. it uses dna as a template to make an rna molecule. rna then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: dna → rna. it is the transfer of genetic instructions in dna to messenger rna (mrna). during transcription, a strand of mrna is made that is complementary to a strand of dna.  

these three stages are:

  initiation: in which   is the beginning of transcription.occuring when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

    elongation: in which is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

    termination: in which is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.