A scientist has noted a possible relationship between a certain chemical substance found in fish and the occurrence of kidney failures in humans. Which of the following preliminary steps should the scientists take before conducting a controlled experiment? a. Establish a cause and effect relationship between the substance and the outcome
b. Write a research grant proposal to the appropriate federal funding agency
c. Review the literature to determine what other research is available on this topic to Distribute a letter of consent to human subjects who will be used in the research.

The construction of phylogenetic trees is a mapping out the proposed divisions and common ancestors of all living species. traditionally, these trees have been built using morphological data, such as appearance and embryology. recently, it has been possible to construct these trees using molecular data. phylogenetic trees based on different types of information agree with each: that there is strong evidence of a real underlying common descent. this phylogenic tree is composed based on molecular data (rrna). what statements can we infer are true about the organisms throughout the tree? because the tree is rooted, all branches share a common ancestor. all organisms have some sort of cellular structure/organization. all eukaryotes evolved from bacteria. since the organisms contain rna, they share the same dna. if the organisms contain rna, the share the same four nitrogen bases.

What would happen to the nutrients in an ecosystem if decomposers, such as bacteria, didn’t exist there?

How can active reading strategies you? o a. they can you get into better physical shape. o b. they can you read fewer science articles. o c. they can you understand what you read. o d. they can you avoid reading altogether.