04.03 Ecosystems Summary
Birth, death, migration, community interactions, and abiotic factors can influence the size of a population
Changes to ecosystems due to season, climate, and successions, can also impact population growth and decline
The effects of all of these components combine to determine the carrying capacity of a population within a
particular ecosystem
Now that you have completed this lesson, you should be able to
1 describe four factors that affect population size
2 identify factors that limit population growth
3. explain the difference between primary and secondary succession
4 differentiate between habitat and niche
Population Dynamics Lab
in this lab activity, you will investigate how predation, birthrates, and death rates influence the killer whale and
seal populations within their marine ecosystem. The killer whales and seals have a predation relationship in the icy
Arctic Ocean Killer whales are predators and hunt their prey, the seals, for food Due to their relationship, the killer
whale and seal populations are interconnected, one population limits the growth of the other
The assignment for this lesson is a virtual lab activity
• Be sure to read the instructions before completing the virtual lab activity
Download and complete the population Dynamics Lab Report
• Be sure to review the rubric before completing and submitting the assignment to your instructor
• Use this student example to review how to complete a lab report

Mantle convection  is the slow  creepingmotion of earth's solid silicate  mantle  caused by  convection  currents carrying  heat from the interior  to the planet's surface.[1][2]  the earth's surface  lithosphere, which rides atop the  asthenosphere  (the two components of the  upper mantle), is divided into a number of  plates  that are continuously being created and consumed at their opposite  plate boundaries. accretion occurs as mantle is added to the growing edges of a plate, associated with  seafloor spreading. this hot added material cools down by  conduction  and  convection  of heat. at the consumption edges of the plate, the material has thermally contracted to become dense, and it sinks under its own weight in the process of  subduction  usually at an  ocean trench.[3]this subducted material sinks through the earth's interior. some subducted material appears to reach the lower mantle,[4]  while in other regions, this material is impeded from sinking further, possibly due to a phase transition from  spinel  to  silicate perovskiteand  magnesiowustite, an  endothermic reaction.[5]the subducted oceanic crust triggers  volcanism, although the basic mechanisms are varied. volcanism may occur due to processes that add buoyancy to partially melted mantle causing an upward flow due to a decrease in density of the partial melt.secondary forms of convection that may result in surface volcanism are postulated to occur as a consequence of intraplate extension[6]  and  mantle plumes.[7]it is because the mantle can convect that the  tectonic plates  are able to move around the earth's surface.[8]mantle convection seems to have been much more active during the  hadean  period, resulting in gravitational sorting of heavier molten  iron, and  nickel  elements and  sulphides  in the core, and lighter  silicate minerals  in the  mantle.

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