3. What effect do glaciers have on plant life?
Glaciers bring quantities of minerals beneficial to plants as the water runs off melting ice.
Glaciers bring quantities of minerals that choke plant life as the water runs off melting ice.
Glaciers has no effect on plant life other than helping distribute necessary water.
Glacial flooding is destructive to plant life as silt builds in rivers.

Glaciers bring quantities of minerals beneficial to plants as the water runs off melting ice.

Explanation:

Glaciers are natural reservoirs of water and minerals that may persist to dry conditions during the summer season. Ice melting provides water and minerals during the warm season, which is therefore critical for plants living in dry summer environments. Moreover, it is well-known that the 'melt-water' (i.e., water released by the melting of glacial ice) also affects downstream stream water temperatures, creating a microhabitat that may be beneficial to the life of plant species.

i think the miocene epoch spans the time from 23 million to 12 million years ago.

the correct option is option d