How does pinocytosis work? A. A cell removes water or wastes out of itself.
B. Cytoplasm packages a particle within a food vacuole.
C. An outer cell membrane surrounds extracellular fluid before a vacuole forms containing the fluid.
D. Water molecules move from a high to a low concentration.

C. An outer cell membrane surrounds extracellular fluid before a vacuole forms containing the fluid

it's a type of cytosis vesicular active transport that involves the invagination of the plasma membrane to introduce a liquid in the cell in contrast with the phagocytosis which is made for solids

hydroxyl -oh

alcohols, always polar, can form hydrogen bonds with h2o molecules

carboxyl -cooh  

cargoxylic acids, has acidic properties which is a source of hydrogen ions, found in cells in ionized for with a charge of oh-1

carbonyl > co

ketone if within skeleton, aldehyde if group is at the end of skeleton, k & a may be structural isomers, it determines 2 sugars (ketose & aldose)

amino -nh2

amines, acts as a base, it can pick up h+ ions from surrounding solution, ionized with charge of 1+

methyl ch2

addition to rna/dna affects and gene expression

phosphate -opo3 ²⁻

organic phosphates, contributes to negative charge to, molecule that it is a part of, and potential to react with h20

sulfhydryl -sh

thiols, cross-linking stabilize the protein, and it is structure

characterization of nanoparticles is a critical step in nanomaterial production as it provides information of dimension, morphology, surface charge, distribution and degree of surface functionalization.