Mitosis Notes Biology

Interphase
• DNA is (# of chromosomes doubles)
• DNA appears as (chromatin) at the start, but change to at the end of this phase.

Prophase
• (cell begins to divide)
• appear and begin to move to of cell (only in animal cells)
• form between the poles (made of microtubules)
• starts to disappear

Metaphase
• attach to the spindle fibers at the of the cell.

Anaphase
• when the and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell (spindle fiber ).

Telophase
•
• Chromosomes appear as
• Spindle fibers and disappear

Cytokinesis
• Cell membrane moves inward to create - each with its own nucleus with

Control of the Cell Cycle
• Controlled by enzymes called and
1. (G1): decide whether the cell will divide
2. (G2): checks DNA replication
3. (M): triggers exit from mitosis

Cancer
• division of cells
• Cancer cells to the body’s control mechanisms.

Apoptosis
• Programmed
• Cells that are no longer
• fingers and toes
• cells
• leaves

Stem Cells
• cells that can be programmed to develop into cells
• - 100-150 stem cells
• Adult stem cells – also called stem cells

from my research i have to the conclusion that decomposers, such as fungi, bacteria and invertebrates, play a critical role in nutrient cycling and without them the earth's ecosystem may not support life as we know it. elements such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus exist in limited amounts on earth, although huge amounts of carbon are being released into the atmosphere from underground sources now by humans. it is still extremely important that other nutrients be retained by the process of re-use. decomposers are organisms that are able to chemically break down dead material and make these elements available for use by other organisms. without this breakdown of dead material, dead bodies would pile up. so decomposers also play a role in clean up also. without them, life might not continue as we know it and dead material would overwhelm the earth.    

1: most common garden plants prefer loam — soils with a balance of different-sized mineral particles (approximately 40% sand, 40% silt, and 20% clay) with ample organic matter and pore space. however, some plants grow better in sandy soils, while others are well-adapted to clay soils.

2: available water capacity is the maximum amount of plant available water a soil can provide. it is an indicator of a soil's ability to retain water and make it sufficiently available for plant use. available water capacity is the water held in soil between its field capacity and permanent wilting point.

3: it is the same for all living things (plants and animals). it also includes very tiny organisms that our eyes cannot see. they are known as microorganisms, and include viruses, bacteria and fungi.

c. the initial amount of money placed in the savings account