Trace the path of nitrogen from atmospheric N2 into glutamate. Name the enzymes, substrates, products, and coenzymes.

The path of the atmospheric nitrogen to the glutamate involves three broad steps where it is fixed to ammonia which is incorporated into glutamine and then finally forms glutamate by catalyzation reaction. These three reactions are given below with products formed, reactants, and enzymes involved:

1. Atmospheric nitrogen is the reactant that is reduced to ammonia (product) in this reaction. This reaction is catalyzed by the nitrogenase complex present in bacteria present in legumes:

N2 + 10H+ + 8e- + 16ATP → 2NH4+ + 16ADP + 16Pi + H2.

2. Ammonia (reactant) is incorporated into glutamine (product) in this second reaction which involves glutamine synthetase as catalyst: Glutamate + NH4+ + ATP → glutamine + ADP + Pi + H+.

3. Finally glutamine (final product) is formed by the glutamine (substrate) catalyzed by the glutamate synthase

α-Ketoglutarate + glutamine + NADPH + H+ → 2 glutamate + NADP+.

advantage of using stem cells in medical research:

1.       it provides medical benefits in the fields of therapeutic cloning and regenerative medicine.

2. it provides great potential for discovering treatments and cures to a variety of diseases including parkinson disease, spinal cord injuries, diabetes, alzheimer’s disease and many more.

3. limbs and organ could be grown in lab from stem cells and then used in transplant or treat illness.

answer: the blood-brain barrier is a layer of specialized membranes and cell processes designed to keep undesirable substances from passing from the bloodstream into the precious tissues of the brain. while the blood-brain barrier does keep most bad things out of the central nervous system, it is not impermeable.

explanation: