Olivia was reading about the Earth’s history. She grew interested in the Quaternary period in the Cenozoic era and studied it further. The Quaternary period is best known for which two major events? A. the rise of reptiles and flowering plants B. the rise of mammals and swimming mammals C. the ice ages and the rise of humans D. the rise of dinosaurs and other reptiles

In the family tree below, people with the recessive trait of attached earlobes are shaded gray.

Approximately 90% of all cases of polycystic kidney disease are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. the disease is typically related to mutations to genes (pkd1 and pkd2). pkd genes can be found on chromosome 16. the disease occurs in approximately 1: 800 to 1: 1000 people. here is a hypothetical example. the dominant allele d will cause the development of pkd. the recessive allele is known as d. what genotypes would correspond to suffering from pkd? dd, dd what genotypes would correspond to being normal (not suffering from pkd)? dd consider that 1: 1,000 people have pkd in your population of 325million. consider that pkd is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. show you math for all of the following questions: what is the genotypic frequency for dd? what is the genotypic frequency for dd? what is the genotypic frequency for dd? what is p? what is q? how many people in your population would have pkd?

Tropical rain forests support more species per unit area than any other terrestrial ecosystem. what is one way rain forests are important to the health of the biosphere?