Your apple trees are growing well and producing healthy fruit in early summer, but your grape vines look wilted and have little holes all over them. You also notice a preponderance of moth larvae and Japanese beetles have started to emerge. What could you do to protect your investment?

well

explanation:

the correct answer is 2 and 4

answer;

a. sheep consumption efficiency would be reduced.

explanation;

-trophic efficiency is a measure of how much energy occurs at one level divided by the energy at the level immediately below it . trophic efficiency incorporates three types of efficiency:

-the proportion of available energy that is consumed (consumption efficiency).   it is the proportion of the available biomass that is ingested by consumers.

-the proportion of ingested food that is assimilated (assimilation efficiency).

-the proportion of assimilated food that goes into new consumer biomass (production efficiency).

-in this case, the grasshoppers would affect sheep by reducing the proportion of the available biomass that is ingested by the sheep.