Part B: Determine trait variation in the species for this modeling activity, assume that your species reproduces sexually. This assumption implies that it inherits half of its mother and half from its father. Recall that in sexual reproduction, individuals inherit homologous pairs of chromosomes one fr the father and one from the mother. This arrangement allows for two alleles for every gene. The alleles can be dominant or recessive. You will model three three traits controlled by three gene types on homologous chromosomes. Your Gene's should have these patterns of inheritance:
Trait 1: Simple dominant/recessive inheritance
Example: In pea plants, YY and Yy genotypes will yield green pea pods.
Trait 2: Co-dominance occurs when there's more than one dominant allele and they Express equally.
Example: Human blood type is co-dominant. Ia (type a blood), IB (type B) and I (O blood) are controlled by A and B dominant alleles. If a person inherits A and B alleles, they'll have AB blood. O blood is caused by two recessive alleles.
Trait 3: Incomplete dominance
Incomplete dominance occurs when there is more than one dominant gene, but the expression of both genes creates a blending of traits.
Example: RR=red flowers, WW= white flower, but RW=pink flowers.
Come up with your three traits and the possible inherited phenotypes.
To get started, think about the traits your species needs to help it survive in its environment. Come up with variations of these traits. (variations that wont affect the organisms survival), and beneficial traits (variations that would give the organism a better chance for survival). You can even include harmful genes or genes that could cause genetic diseases. Fill in the chart with the traits you chose and the possible inherited phenotypes.

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When a virus infects a host cell, it uses the cell's machinery to make copies of its own genetic material in a process called replication. finally, during the process of self-assembly, that protein shell and the copies of the virus's genetic material are assembled into new viruses.

Environmental science studies the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment, including their effects on all types of organisms. earth science (also known as geoscience), is an inclusive term for all sciences related to earth (geology, meteorology, oceanogr maphy, etc).  although environmental and earth science cover essentially the same material, environmental science places greater emphasis on the biological realm, while earth science places greater emphasis on the physical realm.    environmental and earth science study the interactions of four major systems or “spheres” (figure 8.6).  the  geosphere  consists of the core, mantle and crust of the earth.the  atmosphere  contains all of the earth’s air and is divided into troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere.the  hydrosphere  contains all of the solid, liquid and gaseous water on earth, extending from the depths of the sea to the upper reaches of the troposphere where water is found.  ninety-seven percent of the hydrosphere is found in salty oceans, and the remainder is found as vapor or droplets in the atmosphere and as liquid in ground water, lakes, rivers, glaciers and snowfields.  the  biosphere  is the collection of all earth’s life forms, distributed in major life zones known as biomes:   tundra, boreal forest, temperate deciduous forest, temperate grassland, desert, savannah, tropical rainforest, chaparral, freshwater, and marine.although the four systems have their unique identities, there is substantial interaction between them.  environmental scientists study the effects of events in one sphere on the other spheres. for example, a volcanic eruption in the geosphere may cause profound direct and indirect effects on the hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere as follows: example 1 (volcano)    on may 18, 1980, mount saint helens, in the state of washington, erupted.  this event altered the surrounding environment, and provided scientists with an opportunity to study the effects of volcanic eruptions on the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.  such studies are vital because volcanic eruptions will continue to occur, and will have increasing impact on humans as people continue to settle lands closer to dormant volcanoes. the following are but a few of the myriad of interactions resulting from a volcanic