How does photosynthesis and cellular respiration move carbon, nitrogen, and water through the different Earth systems (biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere)?

well the plants live and die from life to death they get there nutrients from water from rain. and oxygen from the air and nitrogen from the ground. the plant grows and dies. when it dies it decompose and puts nitrogen back into the soil along with the seeds that where produced in it's life time.

answer; the tunica intima also called tunica interna, consists of elastic fibers,connective tissue and smooth muscle cells;

c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.