Why are newly mutated influenza viruses especially harmful to humans? They can be transmitted through water as well as air.

They're not recognized by the immune system.

They're resistant to available antiviral treatments.

They can pass from one animal species to many others.

Which best describes how parents affect the genotype of a child? a. the parents decide what to feed their child b. the parents choose whether to educate their child c. the parents allow their child to stay up late d. the parents pass along genes to the child

To answer this question, researchers studied populations of the dusky salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus) living on different mountain ranges in the southern appalachian mountains. the researchers tested the reproductive isolation of pairs of salamander populations by leaving one male and one female together and later checking the females for the presence of sperm. four mating combinations were tested for each pair of populations (a and b)—two within the same population (female a with male a and female b with male b) and two between populations (female a with male b and female b with male a). the proportion of successful matings for each mating combination was measured. for example, when all the matings of a particular combination were successful, the researchers gave it a value of 1; when none of the matings were successful, they gave it a value of 0. then the researchers calculated an index of reproductive isolation that ranged from 0 (no isolation) to 2 (full isolation). the reproductive isolation value for two populations is the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type within populations (aa + bb) minus the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type between populations (ab + ba). the table provides data for the geographic distances and reproductive isolation values for 27 pairs of dusky salamander populations.

A60-tooth gear is connected to a 72-tooth gear. if the smaller gear turns 12 times, how many turns does the larger gear make?