Rhonda visits her MD because she is feeling constantly tired. After a thorough case history involving questions about her diet, her MD takes a blood sample. Results
indicate that her hemoglobin level is at 7g/100ml of blood (normal levels are 12-
18g/100ml of blood).
Based on the results of Rhonda's bloodwork:

a) What condition might Rhonda have ?

b) Why would Rhonda's low hemoglobin level cause her to feel tired ?

c) Rhonda's MD asked about iron intake (eg. from meat) in her diet? Explain why.

a) Rhonda might have anemia

b) Rhonda feels tired because her blood is unable to transport enough oxygen

c) Iron is required by the blood cells for the formation of hemoglobin

Explanation:

a. A low hemoglobin level is referred to as anemia or low red blood count. From her blood test results, Rhonda has below normal levels of hemoglobin. This indicates she might have anemia.

b) The primary work of hemoglobin in blood is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the cells that need it for metabolic activities. When the ability of the blood to transport blood is impaired due to low hemoglobin levels, fatigue and tiredness sets in since enough oxygen is not present for cellular respiration and production of ATP.

c) Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein that helps red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. If iron intake is not sufficient, anemia could result. Therefore, it is important that iron-rich meals are incorporated into our diet.

So her MD would need to know how much of iron she has been having in her diet.

the cell cycle is the final answer! : )

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.