Loss-of-function mutations in the coding region of the homologous gene in humans result in loss of hair, teeth, and sweat glands, as in the toothless men of Sind (India). What does this suggest about hair, teeth, and sweat glands in humans? Select the two correct answers. a) The phenotype of loss of Eda function in humans indicates that Eda has been co-opted by evolution to control different aspects of development, as it does in sticklebacks. b) The phenotype of loss of Eda function in humans indicates that human Eda protein and stickleback fish Eda protein contain structurally similar DNA-binding domains. c) The phenotype of loss of Eda function in humans indicates that Eda controls multiple aspects of human development, either directly by controlling each tissue type independently or by controlling a tissue that is a developmental precursor to the affected tissue types. d) The phenotype of loss of Eda function in humans indicates that human hair and teeth might be homologous to stickleback fish bony plates. e) The phenotype of loss of Eda function in humans indicates that hair, teeth, and sweat glands are homologous structures.

Loss-of-function mutations in the coding region of the homologous gene in humans result in loss of hair, teeth, and sweat glands, as in the toothless men of Sind (India). This suggestion in their hair, teeth, and sweat glands indicates that a)  The phenotype of loss of Eda function in humans indicates that Eda has been co-opted by evolution to control different aspects of development, as it does in sticklebacks. c) The phenotype of loss of Eda function in humans indicates that Eda controls multiple aspects of human development, either directly by controlling each tissue type independently or by controlling a tissue that is a developmental precursor to the affected tissue types.

Ectodysplasm A (EDA) is known as a transmembrane protein in the human body that is responsible for the development of ectodermal tissues of the human skin and teeth.

The cooption of Eda with evolution is likely to bring about changes in the development which results in phenotypic loss of Eda. Various genetic studies reveal the orthologous nature of the Eda gene, indicating a comparable method of development, and Eda plays a part in the control of embryonic ectoderm growth, which is essential for the formation of teeth, hair, as well as the sweat gland.

Therefore, we can conclude that Option A and C are both correct from the following options.

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c) The phenotype of loss of Eda function in humans indicates that Eda controls multiple aspects of human development, either directly by controlling each tissue type independently or by controlling a tissue that is a developmental precursor to the affected tissue types.

e) The phenotype of loss of Eda function in humans indicates that hair, teeth, and sweat glands are homologous structures.

the answer that best describes the relative refractory period in the neuron is the resting membrane potential is restored, but concentrations of sodium and potassium are not restored to their original state.

the refractory period is the time during which another stimulus given to the neuron will not lead to a second potential. thus, because na+ channels are inactivated during this time, additional depolarizing stimuli do not lead to new action potentials.  

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