Sam is out for a long run on a hot day. He is dehydrated and does not have water with him. As he tries to maintain a high exercise intensity, his body is likely experiencing the dual cardiovascular demand. Which two factors make up this demand? a. The need to pump additional blood to the surface of the skin b. The need for additional hydration c. The need for more ATP d. The need to produce more sweat e. The need to pump additional blood to working muscles f. The need for additional blood plasma

The dual cardiovascular demands includes: Option A (The need to pump additional blood to the surface of the skin.) And

Option E (The need to pump additional blood to working muscles)

Explanation:

When an individual is performing exercise under the hot atmosphere, the following demands are required:

--> there would be physiological increased demand of the skin to prevent further dehydration .

--> there would be increased energetic demands for muscular activities.

1.) The blood flow to ACTIVE MUSCLES during prolonged exercise under a hot day.

There is increase in carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions, decrease in oxygen levels will cause the smooth muscles of the blood vessels located at the active muscle sites to relax. This enhances the in flow of blood supply oxygen which is needed for the generation of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for energy. This requires a greater cardiac pumping capacity.

2) The flow of blood to the skin during during prolonged exercise in a hot day.

To avoid dehydrations during exercise which occurs through the lungs and skin, there is increased cardiac output to remove excess heat generated through thermoregulation of cutaneous circulation.

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the glands which are associated with each description is given below: