Describe the effects that enzymes can have on substrates

Enzymes bind with chemical reactants called substrates there may be one or more substrates for each type of enzyme I beleivedepending on the particular chemical reaction. In some reactions, a single-reactant substrate is broken down into multiple products the enzyme's active site binds to the substrate.

Explanation:

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When an enzyme binds its substrate, it forms an enzyme-substrate complex. This complex lowers the activation energy of the reaction and promotes its rapid progression by providing certain ions or chemical groups that actually form covalent bonds with molecules as a necessary step of the reaction process

Explanation:

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correct answer is option a.

tropopause, stratopause and mesopause have all in common aspect that is point of maximum temperature in its layer of the atmosphere. all layers of atmosphere observe abrupt change in temperature. tropopause is the boundary between troposphere and stratosphere. stratopause is the boundary between stratosphere and mesosphere. mesopause is the boundary between mesosphere and thermosphere. these all boundaries are ranges between altitude of 0 to 80 km.

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