The mining of phosphates can create a barren landscape while releasing excess nutrients into nearby waterways. Restoration of the mined land starts
with secondary succession. How would spreading seeds, fungi, and organic matter
on the soil help reduce runoff of excess nutrients?

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explanation:

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the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.

the sun's light combined with the visible wavelenghts form what is called ultraviolet radiation, which are the long waves at the end of a visible light sprectrum.

hope it ,

bioteacher101