What were the first vertebrates to evolve?

If an organ has six haploid chromosomes, how many chromosomes are present. 6 12

In pea plants, yellow seed color (y) is dominant and green seed color (y) is recessive. based on the punnett squares, what are the chances that the offspring in the second generation will have green seeds? first generation y y y yy yy y yy yy second generation y y y yy yy y yy yy there is a % chance that the offspring will have green seeds.

How do all types of diffusion/passive transport actually ‘work’ without using even the smallest amount of cellular energy?