Why is a countercurrent system a more efficient system for gas exchange?

A countercurrent system a more efficient system for gas exchange. Because water is viscous, this would require a lot of energy, so the counter-current system is a more efficient way of increasing the amount of oxygen diffusing into the blood. The unidirectional flow of water is another advantage.

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1: most common garden plants prefer loam — soils with a balance of different-sized mineral particles (approximately 40% sand, 40% silt, and 20% clay) with ample organic matter and pore space. however, some plants grow better in sandy soils, while others are well-adapted to clay soils.

2: available water capacity is the maximum amount of plant available water a soil can provide. it is an indicator of a soil's ability to retain water and make it sufficiently available for plant use. available water capacity is the water held in soil between its field capacity and permanent wilting point.

3: it is the same for all living things (plants and animals). it also includes very tiny organisms that our eyes cannot see. they are known as microorganisms, and include viruses, bacteria and fungi.