*PLEASE HELP HURRY* What is cancer and how does it relate to the cell cycle? 2. What are proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and how do they contribute to cancer?
3. What are some things that might make a person have a higher risk of developing cancer?
4. What are some of the major steps that occur in the progression from a single cancer cell to a tumor and then to
many tumors spreading throughout the body?
5. As tumors grow and spread, the cells undergo a number of changes. How might the cells in a late stage tumor
be diferent from the original cell that became cancerous?
6. Why are diferent types of cancers named based on where in the body they originate (breast cancer, skin cancer,
bone cancer, etc.)? Why does it matter from which organ or tissue type the cancer developed?

1. Cancer cells, through the process of mitosis, divide at an uncontrollable rate that is not healthy for the body. The uncontrollable cell division occurs when there is a change in the DNA. For there to be a change in the DNA, the sequence of nucleotide or the nitrogenous bases is changed when the DNA is replicating itself. The enzyme called DNA polymerase is responsible for the change of nucleotide. Most cancer changes occurs in sections of the DNA called genes. Cancer can develop anywhere in the body. It starts when cells grow out of control and crowd out normal cells.

2. An important difference between oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes is that oncogenes result from the activation (turning on) of proto-oncogenes, but tumor suppressor genes cause cancer when they are inactivated (turned off). Proto-oncogenes and oncogenes drive the cell cycle forward. Tumor suppressor genes code for proteins that normally operate to restrict cellular growth and division or even promote programmed cell death (apoptosis)

3. The most common risk factors for cancer include aging, tobacco, sun exposure, radiation exposure, chemicals and other substances, some viruses and bacteria, certain hormones, family history of cancer, alcohol, poor diet, lack of physical activity, or being overweight.

4. Cancer develops in three stages: initiation, promotion and progression. Tumor progression is the third and last phase in tumor development. This phase is characterised by increased growth speed and invasiveness of the tumor cells.

6. There are more than 100 types of cancer. Types of cancer are usually named for the organs or tissues where the cancers form. For example, lung cancer starts in cells of the lung, and brain cancer starts in cells of the brain. Cancers also may be described by the type of cell that formed them, such as an epithelial cell or a squamous cell.

Hope this helps!!

I didn't know the answer to question 5 but good luck!

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