How is energy transferred as it flows through the trophic levels in a food chain or a food web?

 from one trophic level to next. However, not all the energy is transferred as some of it is used for movement, growth, or reproduction repair. The energy flow begins from the primary producers that make their own food by using the solar energy through photosynthesis.

Explanation:

i goolged this one

any abiotic or biotic factor in an ecosystem that causes a population's size to slow or decrease is a limiting factor.