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b. lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere   is the answer most likely

the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.

well first you need the sample of the temperature and gas level. i couldnt write a hypothesis unless i had some data. i think temperature changes will effect volumes of gas because gas changed into a solid or liquid at specific temperatures.