Give an example of a model used in earth science

Alaska and northern canada have a diet rich in vitamin d and their skin color is darker than predicted on the basis of iv intensity at their latitude. explain the observation:

Ricardo notices that when he plays soccer in the rain, his ball does not seem to go as far after a kick. what is the best scientific question that ricardo could ask about this observation? is soccer better played in the rain or sun? how does rain affect the distance a soccer ball can travel? how does rain affect the speed of a soccer ball? is soccer affected by the rain?

Waianapanapa beach in hawaii is a black-sand beach that was formed by waves crashing against volcanic rock. the sand can be very hot on sunny days. which statement best explains why? o a. the black sand has no heat capacity. b. the black sand absorbs no radiation. o c. the black sand is immune to insolation. d. the black sand has a low albedo.