23. Macromolecules containing large amounts of hydroxyl groups (-OH) have less potential energy than molecules that are largely hydrocarbons, which of the following best explains why? a) Carbon – Hydrogen bonds are short and very strong
b) Carbon – Hydrogen bonds are long and comparatively weak
c) Oxygen – Hydrogen bonds are long and comparatively weak
d) Hydroxyl groups are easily removed in enzyme-catalyzed reactions

b) Carbon-Hydrogen bonds are long and comparatively weak

Explanation:

Carbon-Hydrogen bond is a covalent bond between a carbon and hydrogen atom in which carbon shares its valence electrons with four hydrogen atoms.

Carbon-Hydrogen bonds are long and carbon-hydrogen combine together to form several long chain organic comounds such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and benzyl etcetera but are  comparatively weak.

Electronegativity affects the bond stregth of the hydrogen bond and there is small difference in electronegativities of the Carbon-Hydrogen that makes it comparatively weak.

Hence, the corrrect answer is "b) Carbon-Hydrogen bonds are long and comparatively weak".

prophase: we can observe the chromosomes to coil up and condense. they become visible. nuclear membrane and envelope disintigrate.s

metaphase: chromosomes align at the center, the metaphase plate. spindle fibers attach to centromeres of the sister chromatids. they meet at kinetochores.

anaphase: sister chromatids are pulled towards each opposing centromere, set on different poles.

telophase: chromosomes are now clustered up only on either sides of the cell. nuclear membranes reform, and a new cell wall forms along the cell plate. this will lead to cytokinesis, the process that divides the cell membrane and forms the cell wall.