How are primary and secondary succession similar?
a.
both primary and secondary succession involve ecosystems that have no soil.
b.
both primary and secondary succession involve ecosystems recovering from a disruptive event.
c.
both types of succession require a pioneer species to aid recovery of ecosystems.
d.
primary and secondary succession have no similarities.

Answer;

B. Both primary and secondary succession involve ecosystems recovering from a disruptive event.

Explanation;

-Primary succession occurs following an opening of a pristine habitat, for example, a lava flow, an area left from retreated glacier, or abandoned strip mine. In contrast, secondary succession is a response to a disturbance, for example, forest fire, tsunami, flood, or an abandoned field.

-Primary succession begins in barren areas, such as on bare rock exposed by a retreating glacier. Secondary succession follows a major disturbance, such as a fire or a flood.