Which statement is true about the electrons in each polar bond of a water molecule? they are more attracted by the oxygen atom than by the hydrogen atom. they are more attracted by the hydrogen atom than by the oxygen atom. they are equally attracted by the hydrogen and oxygen atoms. they are equally repelled by the hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

The first option is the right one. Electrons are more attracted by the oxygen atom than by the hydrogen atom.

You can always predict this behavior by looking at a property of the atoms called electronegativity.

Electronegativity accounts for the trend of an atom to atract electrons.

Oxygen is considerably more electronegative than hydrogen (you can search this information on a table of electronetativities). Then the electrons (the electronic density to be more precise) will be attracted with more force by the oxygen atom than by the hydrogens. This is the cause of the so called hydrogen bond.

The answer is option A. The water molecule is neutral, it has 10 protons and 10 neutrons. The oxygen and hydrogen atoms in water molecules share electrons by covalent bonding, but the sharing is not equal. The oxygen atoms attract electrons more strongly than the hydrogen atoms. This unequal sharing of electrons is responsible for the polarity of water molecule.

Environmental science studies the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment, including their effects on all types of organisms. earth science (also known as geoscience), is an inclusive term for all sciences related to earth (geology, meteorology, oceanogr maphy, etc).  although environmental and earth science cover essentially the same material, environmental science places greater emphasis on the biological realm, while earth science places greater emphasis on the physical realm.    environmental and earth science study the interactions of four major systems or “spheres” (figure 8.6).  the  geosphere  consists of the core, mantle and crust of the earth.the  atmosphere  contains all of the earth’s air and is divided into troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere.the  hydrosphere  contains all of the solid, liquid and gaseous water on earth, extending from the depths of the sea to the upper reaches of the troposphere where water is found.  ninety-seven percent of the hydrosphere is found in salty oceans, and the remainder is found as vapor or droplets in the atmosphere and as liquid in ground water, lakes, rivers, glaciers and snowfields.  the  biosphere  is the collection of all earth’s life forms, distributed in major life zones known as biomes:   tundra, boreal forest, temperate deciduous forest, temperate grassland, desert, savannah, tropical rainforest, chaparral, freshwater, and marine.although the four systems have their unique identities, there is substantial interaction between them.  environmental scientists study the effects of events in one sphere on the other spheres. for example, a volcanic eruption in the geosphere may cause profound direct and indirect effects on the hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere as follows: example 1 (volcano)    on may 18, 1980, mount saint helens, in the state of washington, erupted.  this event altered the surrounding environment, and provided scientists with an opportunity to study the effects of volcanic eruptions on the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.  such studies are vital because volcanic eruptions will continue to occur, and will have increasing impact on humans as people continue to settle lands closer to dormant volcanoes. the following are but a few of the myriad of interactions resulting from a volcanic 

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