Which of the following contributes to the development of a proton gradient within the thylakoid membrane?

In a lab, scientists grew several generations of offspring of a plant using the method shown. what conclusion can you make about the offspring? a. they formed from meiosis and mitosis. b. they have half the number of chromosomes as their parent. c. they have low genetic variability among them. d. they will be able to reproduce only after they grow flowers.

Agene editing technology called crispr-cas9 uses cellular machinery to change the cell's genetic material. how might this technology be useful in treating diseases like cancer?

(me out over the last several centuries, scientists have made the following broad observations while investigating several branches of the life sciences: -the fossil record shows that different types of organisms have existed at different times in earth's history. -many organisms have similar body structures that seem to be adapted to different ways of living in their environment. -organisms of different species often share similarities in stages of embryonic development. -many species share genetic similarities, and almost all organisms use the same basic building blocks to construct proteins. -often, the extent of two species' similarities can be predicted from their geographic closeness to each other. -a great deal of change has been observed among species that have experienced strong selective pressures through many generations. scientists have carefully considered and rigorously tested the observations listed above. when scientists offer a of these observations, they are making 1.) testable explanation, deductive explanation 2.) scientific interference, scientific law