Write out and explain each part of the solute potential equation

most community's take hundreds of years to become stable

maritime tropical may be your answer.

"d.) carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide"

essentially, one bacterial cell splits into two daugurer cells. bacterial offspring don't need or get care from their parents because they are in a sense their own parents. that said, some bacteria can and do depend on other bacteria especially in harsh environments such as bacterial microfilms in hot water tanks.