How has the development of a pine and then a hardwood forest affected populations of shrubs? The development of the two types of forests has negatively affected populations of shrubs

Yes, shrubs are affected.

Explanation:

The development of a pine and then a hardwood forest affected populations of shrubs because pine and hardwood trees are higher in length than shrubs so the shrubs did not gain sunlight and also all the nutrients present in the soil is extracted by the pine and hardwood trees. The shrubs present below the pine and hardwood trees slowly removes from that environment due to unavailability of sunlight and nutrients.

the answer is:

carbon dioxide

succession returns a disturbed

ecosystem to a more stable state. this is also classified into two (2) types:

primary succession and secondary succession. the primary succession arises when

a new land is transformed and a bare rock has been exposed providing an environment

that can be occupied for the first time. while, secondary succession occurs

when a previously occupied environment was disturbed that kills much of all its

community

explanation: