What is the creative development of science to solove problems or to make tasks easier called

What is the problem in this article? what solution does the article propose?

Rarefaction is used for which of the following? a. creating a representative sample b. studying how disease impacts populations c. rediscovering species thought to be instinct d. determining which sea creatures live in an area

[34 points awarded to the best answer, use facts and/or data] 1.) what's the likelihood of thunderstorms occurring in the state of maryland? {this question is for a project for science, use facts and/or data and explain why . 34 points to the best answer]