a hypothetical cell with a 3.5% solute concentration is placed in a 1.5% solute concentration solution. water will. flow out of the cell, not move in or out, flow into the cell, plasmolyze the cell

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many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.