g A gradient is directly used to provide the energy for ATP synthesis in the mitochondria.

Elerochemical gradient

Explanation:This coccus during  the  process of  chemiosmosis in oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration. It is the  electrochemical gradient that provides the energy  needed by ATPase Synthase for the phosphorylation of ADP tp ATP, necessary for ATP production

The electochemical gradient is due to  gradient produced from the pumping of protons by the proton  motive force(PMF) into the intrammenbrane space. from the matrix.The accumulation leads the the production of electrochemical gradients because the Protons diffuse across  from higher gradient in the intramembrsne space into the lower concentration gradient the matrix.Therefore,energy is produced  as the diffusion takes place.

The ETC, is the source of generation of PMF, which pumps protons across into the intramembrane, for the electrochemical gradients productions

the correct answer is option d.

an appositive is a noun, noun phrase or noun clause which follows another noun or noun phrase in order to describe it or name it another way. they are usually used between commas, brackets or dashes.

the example sentence with the correct use of commas is the following:

her uncle, the man over there in the red shirt, owns the hardware store in town.