Joe has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. He interprets negative stressful events using a pessimistic explanatory style. This explanatory style creates a hopeless, depressed state, which then hampers the way he thinks and acts, causing more negative stressful events. Joe's depression is thus, at least in part, due to: state-dependent memory.
rumination.
a biochemical imbalance.
indicators of depression.

Joe's depression caused by pessimistic explanatory style of negative events is due to State dependent memory,

State dependent memory:

It is phenomenon in which people recall more information if their mental or physical state is same as the time event.

Here, pessimistic explanatory style makes Joe to recall depressive events that cause more depressive events to come.

Therefore, Joe's depression caused by pessimistic explanatory style of negative events is due to State dependent memory,

To know more about State dependent memory,

link

The correct answer is : state - dependent memory.

Explanation:

State dependent memories are recollections of memories that are set off or enhanced or increased by an individual's present mind-set in view of the relationship to memories framed when you were in a comparative state.

For example, pleasant memories are all the more effectively or strongly recalled when one is feeling happy and the equivalent goes for negative thoughts and sadness or outrage towards something. In this case Joe having more negative thoughts in response of depression or negative thoughts.

Thus, the correct answer is : state - dependent memory.

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