The chemiosmotic model requires an intact outer mitochondrial membrane. is supported by the observation that, when isolated mitochondria have an artificial electrochemical gradient (higher pH in the matrix) imposed on them, electrons spontaneously flow through the respiratory chain. is supported by the observation that isolated mitochondria that are actively respiring cause the pH of the solution they are in to increase. requires that mitochondrial ATP synthesis and electron flow through the respiratory chain be obligately coupled.

The symptoms that shelly is experiencing result from the interactions between streptococcus pyogenes (a prokaryote) and the cells (eukaryotes) within shelley's body. although there are similarities between these two types of cells, there are also important differences.

The collared lizard is a species found in the desert southwest. male collared lizards show considerable color variation, ranging from brightly colored to a very dull pattern. your goal is to determine the function, if any, of male color patterns in collared lizards, using the scientific method. your tentative explanation is that male color plays a role in attracting females for mating purposes. you predict that females will preferentially choose brightly colored males over dull-colored ones. to test this prediction, you observed the interactions of female collared lizards with their male counterparts. you selected males that were the same age and size, and that differed only in their coloration pattern. you placed equal numbers of the two types of male lizards, bright and dull, in aquariums, along with one female lizard per aquarium. out of 350 aquariums observed, the female chose to mate with the brightly colored male 277 times, and the dull-colored male 70 times. in 3 instances, the females did not mate with either type. create a bar graph of your data, plotting the type of male (dull or brightly colored) on the x-axis. on the y-axis, plot the frequency with which each type of male was chosen by females. using this graph, answer the following question(s). is it reasonable to conclude (i. e., is it supported by the data) that female collared lizards prefer more brightly colored male lizards over dull-colored males?

Competition occurs between species when