The idea that chromosomes orient themeselves randomly during metaphase I is . This leads to combinations of genes.

The idea that chromosomes orient themselves randomly during metaphase I is Independent Assortment. This leads to more combinations of genes.

Explanation:

During metaphase I, the pair of chromosomes align in the plate of the cell. In this step, the independent assortment takes place.

The independent assortment is the distribution of different genes into two gametes, is independent, because the distribution of the different genes, does not influence the distribution of the other genes. The independent assortment leads to new combinations of genes from the parental and maternal side, resulting in offsprings that do not look exactly like their parents.

for 8 am not sure maybe yes?

for 9 if it is asking if the male is more or less it would be less

hope i even just a little : )

they had the law tat factories that produces smoke cannot be built near residential buildings.

building of proper sewage system was done to ensure that the waste is carried away from the humans so that they do not get diseases from it.

also they built water systems to provide water in those areas which are drought prone.