o help create these gradients, there are a series of capillaries, branching from the peritubular capillaries and associated with the loop of Henle, collectively called the

Vasa recta.

Explanation:

Vasa recta are a group of capillaries, branching from the peritubular capillaries and moves parallel with the loop of Henle. Vasa recta is responsible for the supply of blood to renal medulla in order to purify the blood from the waste materials such as salts, excess water and nitrogenous waste etc. Due to its movement with the loop of Henle, it slows down the blood flow which helps in the re-absorption of water.

the oxygenated blood then leaves the lungs through pulmonary veins, which return it to the left heart, completing the pulmonary cycle. this blood then enters the left atrium, which pumps it through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. from the left ventricle, the blood passes through the aortic valve to the aorta.

deoxygenated blood leaves through the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery. from the right atrium, the blood is pumped through the tricuspid valve (or right atrioventricular valve), into the right ventricle.