What term is used to describe a retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureters that is the cause of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

The condition is known as Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

Explanation:

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a pathological condition caused by Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) where urine flows back from the bladder into one or both ureters, and sometimes back into the kidneys. The condition is commonly seen in young children under 2 years of age, and infants.

Most children with primary VUR were born with an abnormal ureter, which is mainly seen as a defective valve between the kidneys and the ureters that does not close well, hence resulting in refluxes. Secondary VUR develops due to some pathological conditions affecting the urinary tract, like blockage of the urethra, causing reflux of urine. Defective bladder nerves can also lead to VUR.