Jayden is raised in a culture where girls are not expected to like math or do well at math. Jayden therefore rarely studies for tests and in middle school, her test scores begin to drop below the average. In high school, she ends up taking the lower-level math courses. Which theoretical concept does this example illustrate? A. cognitive dissonance B. the self-fulfilling prophecy C. the actor-observer discrepancy D. the fundamental attribution error