2. Write a detailed conclusion based on your results. How does light and sodium bicarbonate impact the rate of photosynthesis in spinach leaf discs? 3. Identify the controls used in this experiment. Which control is positive, and which control is negative?

The light source gives light energy, this solution gives water, and sodium bicarbonate gives CO2 in dissolved form.  

The leaf disc/plate utilizes light energy for photosystem II and I for their ATP and NADPH creation and sodium carbonate gives CO2 to Calvin cycle. SO photosynthesis will take place.  

conclusion -  

The Positive control here, the light and Co2 level continuously increment so in a medium the photosynthesis is increased.  The leaf disc are floating at first after sometime CO2 are utilized so there is lack of CO2 it not ready to experience photosynthesis the disc began to settle down.

hydroxyl -oh

alcohols, always polar, can form hydrogen bonds with h2o molecules

carboxyl -cooh  

cargoxylic acids, has acidic properties which is a source of hydrogen ions, found in cells in ionized for with a charge of oh-1

carbonyl > co

ketone if within skeleton, aldehyde if group is at the end of skeleton, k & a may be structural isomers, it determines 2 sugars (ketose & aldose)

amino -nh2

amines, acts as a base, it can pick up h+ ions from surrounding solution, ionized with charge of 1+

methyl ch2

addition to rna/dna affects and gene expression

phosphate -opo3 ²⁻

organic phosphates, contributes to negative charge to, molecule that it is a part of, and potential to react with h20

sulfhydryl -sh

thiols, cross-linking stabilize the protein, and it is structure

because of