A. Describe how the structure of a prokaryotic chromosome differs from the structure of a eukaryotic chromosome. B. Explain why DNA replication cannot proceed to the regions of the chromosome unless topoisomerase binds ahead of each advancing replication fork.

C. Use the template of a replication fork to draw arrows that represent both continuous and discontinuous DNA synthesis. Draw one long arrow to show continuous DNA synthesis and three arrows to show discontinuous DNA synthesis. The arrows should point in the direction of nucleotide addition, and the three arrows showing discontinuous synthesis should be numbered 1, 2, and 3, in the order of fragment synthesis.

D. Explain why any newly synthesized strand of DNA is the result of both continuous and discontinuous DNA synthesis.

With the description of the different cell walls, membranes, and associated proteins set in the students' minds, you now need to introduce them to the idea that the cell wall can also act as a foundation to build things upon. bacterial appendages require a strong foundation that will offer the support needed to move and function in a dynamic world. for example, flagella are long, whiplike protein structures that are used by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for locomotion. in order to function effectively, a flagellum must be firmly anchored to the cell wall. how will you be able to get across the idea that the peptidoglycan cell wall is strong enough to support such a mechanism? with a protein rod that passes through the cell wall and protein rings used to anchor it in the membranes, these basal bodies are the rudimentary biological motors that use atp power to spin the hook and the flagella attached to it. bacterial flagella have a biological motor that spins within the cell wall and is powered by atp. this allows the flagella to spin in a whiplike motion to propel the bacterium.

Sediment layers stop lateral spreading when: they encounter a barrier they encounter an opposing current they run out of additional sedimentary material

The bacteria inside a tube worm would be analogous to what organism in the ocean ecosystem near the waters surface? a. photosynthetic algae b. shrimp c. clown fish d. parasitic lamprey