A multi-stage experiment was conducted with two different species: a nonpathogenic strain of Buttiauxella agrestis (Ba) and a strain of Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) carrying a plasmid with a virulence gene (Hi/pVir). The cultures were treated as described for each stage (1-5, below), then inoculated into healthy mice. The mice were observed 24 hours later.
1. When Ba was inoculated ---> the mice lived
2. When Hi/pVir was inoculated ---> the mice died
3. When heat-killed Hi/pVir was inoculated ---> the mice lived
4. When Hi/pVir was mixed with Ba, the mixed cells were incubated for an hour, and then only the Ba cells were inoculated ---> the mice died
5. When Hi/pVir was first heat-killed before being mixed with live Ba, the mixed cells were incubated for an hour, and then only the Ba cells were inoculated → the mice lived
a) Which was the method of DNA transfer: transformation, transduction, or conjugation? Explain your answer, including discussion of which species was the recipient and donor.

Transduction

Explanation:

Transduction can be explained or described as the process through which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vectors.

It should be understood that initial Ba cells were not pathogenic or virulent, but the Ba cells becomes virulent when the DNA of the Hi/pvir was introduced into them during the incubation period. This process is what is known as transduction.

4.) metal

"-the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back to the environment

-carbon is the essential component of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates (which make up all organisms)

-carbon exists in air, water, and living organisms

-producers convert carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into carbohydrates during photosynthesis

-bacteria in the atmosphere cycles through the system in filtration units

-in cellular respiration, carbon is released back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide

-some carbon is stored in limestone (forming one of the largest "carbon sinks" on earth)

-largest carbon reservoir on earth= limestone

-carbon stored in the bodies of organisms as fat, oils, or other molecules may be released into the soil or air when the organism dies

-this may form deposits of coal, oil, or natural gas (fossil fuels, which increased the atmospheric carbon dioxide)

-fossil fuels store carbon left over from bodies of organisms that died millions of years ago

-they are located in the surface of earth, deep within the earth and beneath the ocean floor."