How do new introduced species become established in a new ecosystem

If it can outcompete native species for resources such as nutrients, light, physical space, water, or food

Explanation:

correct answer is option a.

tropopause, stratopause and mesopause have all in common aspect that is point of maximum temperature in its layer of the atmosphere. all layers of atmosphere observe abrupt change in temperature. tropopause is the boundary between troposphere and stratosphere. stratopause is the boundary between stratosphere and mesosphere. mesopause is the boundary between mesosphere and thermosphere. these all boundaries are ranges between altitude of 0 to 80 km.

population. population is the number of people or animals in a particular place. an example of population is over eight million people living in new york city.

here is your answer hope i .