Through the process of cellular respiration, living things release energy from the sugar found in their food to carry out their life processes. The other substances found in the food may be excreted as waste or are most often used for

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

the answer is a) cell division.

hope this !