What fields can quantitative NMR be used as a quantitative analysis method?

Quantitative NMR, also known as qNMR, is an alternative to chromatography techniques for quantitative analysis due to multiple advantages. It is particularly suitable for simultaneous determination of the percentage of active compounds in organic chemicals such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and natural products. The method depends on the comparison of NMR signal intensities of the compounds of interest with reference signals. In the case of quality control, the signal of the main compound can be used as a reference. Both internal and external references could be applied to quantitative analysis by NMR. For internal calibration, a defined amount of reference materials is added to the sample solution. A calibration curve with different analyte concentrations can be used for external calibration. Hydrogen is highly abundant, especially in biological systems, and it is the most sensitive nucleus to NMR signal. 1H NMR produces narrow chemical shift with sharp signals, which is perfect for fast acquisition of quantitative results. In addition to 1H NMR, 13C, 19F, and 31P NMR are also applied to quantitative analysis.

Applications

Drug impurity determination

Natural products quantification

Pharmaceutical compound library quantification

Food ingredients analysis

Explanation:

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d. the weight of the book

plato users

given bodies of water

pacific / arctic / indian / southern

[ a ] the caribbean sea

[ b ] the northern ocean

[ c ] the atlantic ocean

[ d ] the barents sea

with this being the given answers